INDO CHINA RELATION - Latest Developments

China–India relations, also called Sino-Indian relations or Indo-China relations, refers to the bilateral relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of India. There have been a history to this and the new trends that are emerging. Lets see the snapshot of how , what and why of these relationships with neighbor.

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COMMON POINTS:

•           Historically, India and China have had relations for more than 2,000 years, but the modern relationship began in 1950 when India was among the first countries to end formal ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan) and recognize the PRC as the legitimate government of Mainland China.

•           China and India are the two most populous countries and fastest growing major economies in the world.

•           China and India are two of the world’s oldest civilizations and have co-existed in peace for millennia.

•           Cultural and economic relations between China and India date back to ancient times. The Silk Road serve as a major trade route between India and China.

Relations between contemporary China and India have been characterized by border disputes, resulting in three major military conflicts —

Sino-Indian War of 1962: Main Battles fought between china and India.

Border disputes resulted in a short border war between the People's Republic of China and India on 20 October 1962. The border clash resulted in a crushing defeat of India as the PRC pushed the Indian forces to within forty-eight kilometers of the Assam plains in the northeast and occupied strategic points in Ladakh, until the PRC declared a unilateral cease-fire on 21 November and withdrew twenty kilometers behind its contended line of control.

·         Relations between the PRC and India deteriorated during the rest of the 1960s and the early 1970s as China–Pakistan relations improved and Sino-Soviet relations worsened.

·         The PRC-backed Pakistan in its 1965 war with India.

·       Between 1967 and 1971, an all-weather road was built across territory claimed by India, linking PRC's Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region with Pakistan

·         India could do no more than protest; however 1971 war with Pakistan, India won a landslide victory.

·         NATHU LA: On 11 September, Chinese troops opened fire on a detachment of Indian soldiers tasked with protecting an engineering company that was fencing the North Shoulder of Nathu La. This escalated over the next five days to an exchange of heavy artillery and mortar fire between the Indian and Chinese forces. Sixty-two Indian soldiers were killed. In September 1967, Chinese and Indian forces clashed at Nathu La.

·         Chola Incident in 1967: On 1 October 1967, some Indian and Chinese soldiers had an argument over the control of a boulder at the Chola outpost in Sikkim (then a protectorate of India), triggering a fight that escalated to a mortar and heavy machine gun duel. On 10 October, both sides again exchanged heavy fire. While Indian forces would sustain eighty-eight troops killed in action with another 163 troops wounded, China would suffer greater casualties, with 300 killed and 450 wounded in Nathu La, as well as forty in Chola.

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What Is Happening Now?

CHINA PAKISTAN ECONOMIC CORRIDOR:

The ongoing mega project aims to connect Gwadar Port in south western Pakistan to China’s northwest autonomous region of Xinjiang connecting through highways, railways and pipelines.  Moreover Gwadar port lies on the south western side of Arabian Sea coast of Baluchistan.

IMPACT ON CHINA: Its influence will expand in the Indian Ocean, another advantage that it will be able to bypass the strait of Mallaca which could be blocked by India and USA  at the times of war. As of now 60% of china’s imported oil comes from the Middle East and 80% of that is transported to china through that strait. China will get to circumvent the Afghanistan strategically important for India.

IMPACT ON PKAISTAN: A game changer in the region which would go a long way in making Pakistan more stronger and Richer entity than ever before. Boosting Pakistan economy and access to Balochistan.

IMPACT ON INDIA:

Due to tense relations with Pakistan, External affair minister Sushma Swaraj raised the issue of projects passing through GILGIT-Pakistan are unacceptable as they require in territory which India regards its own.

Border Dispute:

India and china have an un-demarcated 3,488 km disputed frontier that runs all along the Himalayas Ridgeline on an east west axis.

South China Sea Dispute

The sea lines of communications carry large part of trade and oil to china passed by Indian coast Guard. India dominates the northern edge of the vital straits of Mallaca.

As per China, it will continue to organize and perform regular combat readiness petrol and maintain military presence in relevant sea areas China also stressed on active defense and use of nuclear forces as a counter strike element. Territorial disputes in the South China Sea led to the formation of anti china nations such as Vietnam, Japan, Philippines and Malaysia.  

South China Sea: South China Sea sees a heavy percentage of world trade. Around 50% of India trade passes through Malacca Strait. The South China Sea region is believed to have vast reserves of oil and natural gas. The presence of china’s military threatens trade and energy exploration for other countries.

Country comparison-2015 TRENDS

	INDIA	CHINA
POPULATION	1,317,186,544	1,375,000,000
GDP	7.5	6.9
FOREIGN RESERVE	$ 350,365	$ 3,406,111
MILITARY EXPENDITURE	$35 Billion	$130 Billion
MILITARY MANPOWER	1,300,000	2,285,000

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The relationship between India and China has never been too strong in modern times, though the bilateral trade is expected to touch $1 Trillion by 2050. There have also been speculations on Indian side on how to tackle the rising trade deficit with China which currently stands up at $40 Billion.

China is India's largest trading partner.

Chinese imports from India amounted to $16.4 billion or 0.8% of its overall imports, and 4.2% of India's overall exports in 2014.

Silk Road Infrastructure:

China Launched $40 billion Silk Road infrastructure fund. Silk Road is designed to finance china proposed Belt and Road Initiatives.

Belt and Road refers to Silk Road economic belt and the 21^st Century. Maritime Silk Road initiatives proposed by China in 2013 for improved cooperation with countries in the vast part of Asia, Europe and Africa.

Sister cities: In October 2013 three metros of India found sister cities in China-the pairs were Delhi-Beijing, Bangalore-Chengdu and Kolkata-Kunming. The sister cities will be Chennai-Chongqing, during 2015, Hyderabad-Qingdao and Aurangabad-Dunham to enhance people to people exchanges and foster greater mutual understanding.

In a nutshell, both countries need each other, long standing border issue should be resolved at the earliest. China should consider India a friend rather than a competitor. India’s Endeavor to get veto power may be fulfilled at earliest with the support of china. China’s support to Pakistan obviously risks India who uses unethical means to hurt the sentiments of Indians.

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About the Author: Ramandeep Singh gill from Delhi completed BSC in Hospitality and Hotel administration from IHM, PUSA. He loves to be surrounded by nature. Playing badminton is a stress buster for him. Great pet lover and interested in reading newspaper. Running and cycling always makes him feel energetic. Currently working as administration assistant cum IELTS Lecturer, he is a die heart defense aspirant.